对转型时期我国药品监管体制的宏观思考

法律制度的良好实施以科学的理念和有效的运行体制作为基础。当前,我国药品监管正处于转型时期,亟待建立起以风险规制理念为指导的现代监管体制。首先,需要在横向和纵向两个方面合理配置药品监管机构的职能,避免职能交叠和监管盲区,同时在事前与事中两个维度强化监管;其次,要进一步提升药品监管效能,对内提升监管部门自身能力,对外加强企业自控与行业自律;最后,要通过行政问责制督促药品监管部门依法履行职责,确保公众健康。     

A Study of Mental Health Literacy Among North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate North Korean refugees’ knowledge of mental illnesses and treatments and analyze the factors affecting this knowledge.

Methods:

Subjects were selected via a snowball sampling method, and the survey outcomes of 152 North Korean refugee participants were analyzed. The factors affecting knowledge of mental illnesses were analyzed via a regression analysis by constructing a multivariate model with mental illness knowledge score as the dependent variable.

Results:

The North Korean refugees’ mental illness scores ranged from 3 to 24 points, with an average score of 13.0. Regarding the factors that influence mental illness knowledge, the subjects with South Korean spouses and those who had spent more time in South Korea had higher knowledge scores. Furthermore, the subjects who considered the mental health of North Korean refugees to be a serious issue revealed lower knowledge scores than those who did not believe it was a serious issue. The subjects who visit psychiatric clinics showed higher knowledge scores than those who do not. The South Korean subjects who had at least a college education exhibited higher scores than did those without advanced education. The subjects who are satisfied with life in South Korea manifested a higher mental illness knowledge score than those who are not.

Conclusions:

This study is significant as being the first study to ever measure and evaluate the level of North Korean refugees’ knowledge of mental illnesses. In addition, the evaluations of North Korean refugees’ mental illness knowledge and influencing factors while residing in South Korea created basic data that formed the foundation of an effort to enhance mental health literacy and provide proper mental health services. The results of this study can be utilized to solve mental health problems that might frequently occur during the unification process of North and South Korea in the future.     

宁夏回族自治区消毒产品监管现状调查

目的了解宁夏回族自治区消毒产品经营和使用单位管理现状,为规范消毒产品监管提供依据。方法通过抽检方式,对辖区内涉消毒产品经营单位和使用单位进行抽样检查。结果共调查167家消毒产品经营单位,337种消毒产品。经营单位索证率为58.68%,标签说明书符合率为84.27%。调查169家消毒产品使用单位,151种消毒产品,使用单位索证率为63.31%,标签说明书符合率为83.43%。结论该区消毒产品经营和使用单位索证率均比较低,市场消毒产品存在标签说明书管理不规范情况,必须加强消毒产品市场监管和涉消毒产品单位监督监测力度。     

Publication trends in telesupervision: A content analysis study

Thirty-five empirical studies from 25 peer-reviewed journals and one book chapter were analyzed through a content analysis for trends in publication, methodological, and research foci in telesupervision between 1990 and 2016. The most significant increase in publications occurred in the past decade. Methodological trends revealed that video-conferencing, webcam, and cybersupervision were frequent terminologies used to describe telesupervision. Studies were focused on supervisee experiences, used an individual supervision method, a videoconferencing medium of supervision delivery, and a qualitative methodology with both male-female samples. Studies examined three topics: effectiveness of telesupervision, counselor development, and supervisory relationship. Implications and future research directions are discussed.     

医院物资采购全程监督的实践

医院物资点多面广,专业性强,采购活动中涉及各个环节。文章按照医院物资采购的常规流程,对采购活动中各个环节的作用进行了分析,阐述了医院物资采购全程监督的实施要点。     

2018年广东省药品批发企业及零售连锁企业总部GSP飞行检查缺陷分析

该研究对55家药品批发企业及零售连锁企业总部在GSP飞行检查过程中发现的缺陷项目进行统计,分析存在问题。结果显示企业执行GSP工作较好,但质量管理体系、机构和质量管理职责、人员与培训、设施与设备、校准与验证等环节存在问题依然较为集中,可以采用风险管理的思维加强质量管理工作。     

Developing a Framework Strategy for Supporting Radiographers in the Clinical Supervision of Radiography Students in Zambia: A Mixed Methods Study

BackgroundClinical supervisors of radiography students play a key role in the facilitation of practice-based learning. However, there is a scarcity of evidence-based strategies to support clinical supervisors. This study aimed at exploring the level of support required by radiographers in order to develop a framework strategy for supporting clinical supervisors of radiography students in Zambia.MethodsThis study used an exploratory sequential mixedmethods approach. The qualitative phase was conducted first, and the findings were used to develop the questionnaire for the quantitative phase. The study population was radiographers working in the Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. For the first phase, data were collected from a purposive sample of 10 clinical supervisors of radiography students. For the survey, data were collected from 120 radiographers using a questionnaire. In the third phase, a group of experts validated the proposed framework using an online questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed thematically and quantitative data using statistics.ResultsFour support areas were identified: training and education in clinical supervision, clinical training resources, human resources and relationships, and quality assurance programmes related to clinical supervision. These findings informed the development of a support framework strategy for clinical supervisors.ConclusionThis study has revealed that clinical supervision of radiography students requires coordinated support from stakeholders: schools of radiography, professional body, and radiology and hospital management. It is anticipated that the developed framework, when implemented, will enhance the experiences of clinical supervisors and improve the quality of clinical education.     

The Ingredients of Supervisor Failure

Trainees all too often learn more about how not to conduct supervision than how to conduct supervision effectively. The purpose of this article is to present a conceptualization of the theoretical, empirical, and practical elements of supervisor failures. Specifically, the article attends to the following behaviors that may lead to supervisor failure: (a) denigrate the supervisory relationship; (b) demonstrate multicultural incompetence; (c) become an unethical supermodel; (d) use evaluation instruments that could not pass for an undergraduate thesis; (e) teach your trainee how to diagnose narcissism by example; (f) apply psychotherapy models in supervision as if there is a theoretical or empirical basis; (g) infantalize your trainee; (h) collude with your trainee; (i) make your trainee your surrogate psychotherapist; and (j) go on a date with your trainee. Recommendations for increasing supervisor success and limiting supervisor failure are provided.     

Pro-equity immunization and health systems strengthening strategies in select Gavi-supported countries

BackgroundAchieving universal immunization coverage and reaching every child with life-saving vaccines will require the implementation of pro-equity immunization strategies, especially in poorer countries. Gavi-supported countries continue to implement and report strategies that aim to address implementation challenges and improve equity. This paper summarizes the first mapping of these strategies from country reports.MethodsThirteen Gavi-supported countries were purposively selected with emphasis on Gavi’s priority countries. Following a scoping of different documents submitted to Gavi by countries, 47 Gavi Joint Appraisals (JAs) for the period 2016–2019 from the 13 selected countries were included in the mapping. We used a consolidated framework synthesized from 16 different equity and health systems frameworks, which incorporated UNICEF’s coverage and equity assessment approach – an adaptation of the Tanahashi model. Using search terms, the mapping was conducted using a combination of manual search and the MAXQDA qualitative analysis tool. Pro-equity strategies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and compiled in an Excel database, and then populated on a tableau visualization dashboard.ResultsIn total, 258 pro-equity strategies were implemented by the 13 sampled Gavi-supported countries between 2016 and 2019. The framework determinants of social norms, utilization, and management and coordination accounted for more than three-quarters of all pro-equity strategies implemented in these countries. The median number of strategies reported per country was 17. Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Uganda reported the highest number of strategies that we considered as pro-equity.ConclusionFindings from this mapping can be useful in addressing equity gaps, reaching partially immunized, and ‘zero-dose’ vaccinated children, and valuable resource for countries planning to implement pro-equity strategies, especially as immunization stakeholders reimagine immunization delivery in light of COVID-19, and as Gavi finalizes its fifth organizational strategy. Future efforts should seek to identify pro-equity strategies being implemented across additional countries, and to assess the extent to which these strategies have improved immunization coverage and equity.     

Traversing distance and proximity: the integration of psychodrama and dance movement therapy techniques in supervision

This article explores the potential for intermodal methods in person-centred supervision, focusing on the application of techniques from dance movement therapy (DMT) and psychodrama. The article proposes how specific structures combining psychodrama and DMT allow the supervisee to negotiate between proximity and distance, offering ways to hone in, step out or create alternative perspectives. Somatic congruence is introduced as a person-centred principle that enables the supervisor to understand and/or share somatic reactions in response to the supervisee’s material or the supervisor’s own personal process. Embodying roles and projective techniques are illustrated in the article through examples from the author’s supervisory DMT practice, demonstrating how these interventions may help symbolically crystallise supervisory issues. Caveats to these interventions and cautions to practitioners are presented, contributing to critical analyses of cross-disciplinary work. The article presents a constructive view towards future research and professional development on intermodal, creative supervisory practice.